The emission and propagation of energy as electromagnetic waves or subatomic particles.

electromagnetic spectrum: radio, microwave, infrared, visible light, ultraviolet, X-ray, gamma

visible light occupies a narrow band — perception mapped in color-emotion spectrum

ionizing radiation (UV, X-ray, gamma) carries enough energy to strip electrons from atoms

thermal radiation: every body above absolute zero emits radiation determined by temperature

blackbody spectrum led Planck to quantize energy — birth of quantum mechanics

electromagnetism describes the field dynamics of all electromagnetic radiation

particle radiation: alpha, beta, neutron — products of nuclear force interactions

cosmic radiation from stars and the cosmic microwave background pervades spacetime — see cosmology

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