dietary fiber refers to the indigestible parts of plant foods, including fruits, vegetables, grains, and legumes. it plays a critical role in maintaining digestive health and supporting overall well-being.
chemical properties
molecular structure : composed of polysaccharides (e.g., cellulose , hemicellulose ) and non-polysaccharide components (e.g., lignin).molecular weight : varies based on the type of fiber.solubility : classified into two types:soluble fiber : dissolves in water to form a gel-like substance (e.g., pectin, beta-glucans).insoluble fiber : does not dissolve in water and adds bulk to stool (e.g., cellulose, lignin).
usefulness in medicine
digestive health : dietary fiber promotes regular bowel movements , prevents constipation , and supports a healthy gut microbiome.heart health : soluble fiber helps lower LDL cholesterol levels and reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease .blood sugar regulation : fiber slows the absorption of sugar, helping to manage diabetes and prevent spikes in blood sugar levels.weight management : fiber promotes a feeling of fullness, aiding in appetite control and weight loss.colon health : a high-fiber diet reduces the risk of colorectal cancer by supporting healthy colon function and reducing inflammation.
while dietary fiber itself does not directly exhibit antimicrobial properties, it indirectly supports the immune system by nourishing beneficial gut bacteria and improving gut barrier integrity. research highlights:
gut microbiota : promotes the growth of beneficial bacteria such as bifidobacterium lactobacillus pathogen inhibition : helps suppress harmful bacteria such as clostridium perfringens escherichia coli research link .
research links