magnolia champaca

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• health
• product
  • flower
• magnolia_champaca
• high margin
• type: flowering evergreen tree
• properties
  • root: fibrous to semi-deep root system. provides good anchorage and nutrient uptake in tropical soils
  • stem: erect, cylindrical, woody with smooth grey bark
  • leaf: leathery, oblong to lanceolate, glossy dark green on top
    • leaf-length:: 15–25 cm
  • flower: fragrant, creamy white or yellow, blooms singly or in small clusters
    • petal-length:: 6–10 cm
  • fruit: aggregate of follicles, each containing red-coated seeds
  • bark: smooth, grey to light brown, aromatic when cut
  • timber: fine-grained, soft to medium-hard wood, lightly fragrant
• environment:: tropical lowland and mid-elevation climates with rich, well-drained soils and consistent rainfall
  • climate:: warm, humid, monsoon or equatorial with stable temperatures and high rainfall
    • sun:: 700–900 w/m²
    • no-sun-days:: 5–10
    • water:: 1500–3000 mm/year
    • no-water-days:: 7–14
    • humidity:: 70–90 %
    • fog-resistance:: 10–15 days
    • max-temp:: 38 °C
    • optimal-temp:: 25–32 °C
    • min-temp:: 12 °C
    • wind-damage:: strong-dry, salty-coastal, monsoon-gust
  • soil:: prefers fertile, humus-rich loamy soils with good drainage and neutral to slightly acidic pH
    • soil-ph:: 6.0–7.2
    • soil-type:: loamy, volcanic, humus-rich
  • spacing:: plant 6–10 m apart to accommodate canopy spread and root development
    • good-neighbors:: curcuma, zingiber, clitoria, piper, etlingera
    • bad-neighbors:: eucalyptus, casuarina, ficus
    • max-height:: 25 m
    • max-spread:: 10 m
  • lifecycle
    • longevity:: 80 years
    • germination:: seeds germinate in 30–60 days with consistent warmth and moisture. pre-soaking and scarification improve success
    • seedling:: slow at first. requires filtered light and protection from heavy rain for the first 3–6 months
    • mature:: begins flowering at 5–7 years, stable annual flowering under good conditions
    • death:: naturally declines over decades. sensitive to root compaction and fungal root diseases in old age
  • features: fragrant flowers, attract pollinators, shade-giving, ornamental
  • layer: canopy, titan (humid tropics)
  • products: fresh flowers, essential oil, aromatic wood, floral water, ornamental tree, incense, perfume ingredient
  • chemical compounds

compound	plant part	% amount	description
----------------------	----------------	------------------	---------------------------------------------------------------------------
essential oils	root	trace <0.1%	aromatic base compounds. minor volatile contribution
alkaloids	root	~0.1–0.3%	may have antifungal and antimicrobial activity
tannins	root	~0.1–0.3%	astringent, protective against pathogens
alkaloids	bark	~0.3–0.5%	antimicrobial, mild stimulant, potential sedative
flavonoids	bark	~0.5–1%	antioxidant, anti-inflammatory
aromatic glycosides	bark	trace <0.2%	scent-carrying compounds, contribute to aroma in bark
volatile oils	leaf	trace <0.1%	minor aromatic compounds, species-specific scent
chlorophyll	leaf	present (N/A)	pigments for photosynthesis, no medicinal value
flavonoids	leaf	~0.5%	antioxidant, supports plant defense
triterpenes	leaf	trace <0.2%	possible antifungal or anti-inflammatory activity
linalool	flower	~20–30%	main aromatic compound, calming and relaxation effects
α-terpineol	flower	~10–15%	floral, slightly woody aroma, sedative and antibacterial action
benzyl alcohol	flower	~5–10%	sweet aromatic alcohol, antimicrobial
methyl benzoate	flower	~1–3%	floral fragrance compound, antimicrobial and perfumery use
sesquiterpenes	flower	~1–2%	contributes depth to floral scent, potential anti-inflammatory action
flavonoids	flower	~0.5–1%	antioxidant, color and UV protection
fatty oils	fruit/seeds	~5–8%	storage lipids in seeds, may have emollient properties
resin acids	fruit/seeds	trace <0.5%	antimicrobial, protective, found in seed coat
lignans	fruit/seeds	trace <0.2%	antioxidant, possible hormones-modulating activity
aromatic resin	timber	trace <0.5%	light scent in fresh wood, used in incense
sesquiterpenes	timber	trace <0.2%	contribute to wood aroma, mild bioactivity when fresh

• operations
  • propagate plants: propagated via seeds (fresh, pre-treated), air-layering, or semi-hardwood cuttings; seedling method is slow but reliable
  • maintenance: mulch and protect young trees from drying winds; prune lightly after flowering to shape; avoid waterlogging; fertilize with compost and leaf mulch annually
  • harvest:
    • fresh flowers: collected daily in early morning during bloom seasons for perfumery or ceremonial use
    • essential oil: steam-distilled from fresh petals, yield is low (~0.1–0.3%) but highly aromatic
    • floral water: byproduct of distillation used in cosmetics and rituals
    • wood: harvested selectively after natural fall or pruning. used in artisanal woodcraft, incense, and carving
• tags:: species, major
• wood
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• products
  • flower tags:: species alias:: champaсa, champak, white champaca, magnolia champaca
• height: 50 m
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