- current epoch beginning in the 1970s, defined by digital computation and networked communication
- transistor (1947), integrated circuit (1958), microprocessor (1971), internet (1983)
- data as the primary economic resource, replacing industrial capital
- personal computers, mobile devices, cloud infrastructure, AI
- the internet restructured knowledge distribution, commerce, governance, and social organization
- cyber represents the next phase: decentralized search, knowledge graphs, consensus-verified truth
- preceded by the Industrial Revolution
- the singularity is the hypothetical culmination of this age