UU 24/2009 — Bendera, Bahasa, dan Lambang Negara / Flag, Language and State Emblem
Undang-Undang Republik Indonesia Nomor 24 Tahun 2009 tentang Bendera, Bahasa, dan Lambang Negara, serta Lagu Kebangsaan
Official record: JDIH BPK RI. The Indonesian column is verbatim from that record; the English column is a working translation.
The reason every instrument in the pack is executed bilingually and the Indonesian column prevails.
Pasal 31 — language of agreements
Relied on by: articles of association, shareholders agreement, gms director appointment, share sale entry, land rights agreement §0.
| Bahasa Indonesia | English |
|---|---|
| (1) Bahasa Indonesia wajib digunakan dalam nota kesepahaman atau perjanjian yang melibatkan lembaga negara, instansi pemerintah Republik Indonesia, lembaga swasta Indonesia atau perseorangan warga negara Indonesia. | (1) The Indonesian language must be used in a memorandum of understanding or an agreement involving a state institution, a government body of the Republic of Indonesia, an Indonesian private entity, or an Indonesian citizen. |
| (2) Nota kesepahaman atau perjanjian sebagaimana dimaksud pada ayat (1) yang melibatkan pihak asing ditulis juga dalam bahasa nasional pihak asing tersebut dan/atau bahasa Inggris. | (2) A memorandum of understanding or agreement referred to in paragraph (1) involving a foreign party is also written in the national language of that foreign party and/or in English. |
Penjelasan
The official elucidation restates Pasal 31 without adding conditions: Indonesian must be used in a memorandum of understanding or agreement involving a state institution, a government body, an Indonesian private entity or an Indonesian citizen, and where a foreign party is involved the instrument is also written in that party's national language and/or in English.
What this means for our documents
PT. Cyber Valley Estate is an Indonesian entity, so every agreement it is party to falls under paragraph (1) and must exist in Indonesian. Paragraph (2) permits the English column — it does not make English an alternative.
Two practical consequences the pack follows:
The Indonesian column is the instrument, the English column is for reading. Every page in the pack carries this note. Indonesian courts have annulled English-only agreements involving an Indonesian party.
The Indonesian is written alongside, not translated afterwards. land rights audit §8 records why: divergences between the columns are born at the stage of late translation, and it is those divergences that decide the dispute later.
The parties may agree which language prevails on discrepancy, but should not assume a court will honour a choice of English.