1809-1882. British naturalist and geologist.
Established evolution by natural selection as the mechanism driving the diversity of life.
Published "On the Origin of Species" (1859), the foundation of modern biology.
Demonstrated that all species descend from common ancestors through variation, inheritance, and selection.
His theory unifies biology, genetics, ecology, and paleontology under a single explanatory framework.
evolution by selection operates in any replicating system with variation and fitness pressure, including protocols and knowledge graph topologies.