- 1994-. Russian-Canadian programmer and writer.
- Co-founded Ethereum (2015), the first programmable blockchain with Turing-complete smart contracts.
- Enabled decentralized applications, DeFi, DAOs, and on-chain governance as composable primitives.
- Authored the Ethereum whitepaper, defining a world computer for trustless computation.
- Drove the transition from proof-of-work to proof-of-stake, reducing energy cost by ~99.95%.
- His work on account abstraction, rollups, and data availability scaling shapes the infrastructure cyber and bostrom build upon.
- Advocates for public goods funding, quadratic voting, and mechanism design in decentralized systems.