resistance of a fluid to flow under applied force

measured in pascal-seconds (Pa-s) or poise

water has low viscosity (~0.001 Pa-s at 20 C), honey high (~2-10 Pa-s)

blood is intermediate and exhibits shear-thinning (non-Newtonian) behavior

decreases with rising temperature in liquids, increases in gases

dynamic viscosity vs kinematic viscosity (dynamic / density)

governs lubrication, pipe flow, sedimentation, and magma movement

Reynolds number relates viscosity to flow regime: laminar vs turbulent

critical in industrial processes: coatings, food processing, petroleum extraction

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