Near Protocol — Operating System
← Target Reference | VM: WASM
Runtime Parameters
| Parameter | Value |
|---|---|
| VM | WASM |
| Runtime binding | near.ext.* |
| Account model | 1 contract per account |
| Storage model | Key-value (per-byte cost) |
| Cost model | Gas (per-WASM-instruction + host function calls) |
| Cross-chain | -- |
Runtime Binding (near.ext.*)
- Storage — key-value store with per-byte read/write costs
- Promises — async cross-contract calls (receipt-based)
- Account/balance — account management, token transfers
- Crypto — SHA-256, ed25519 verification via host functions
Notes
Near uses a singletonish account model where each account can hold one contract. Supports both synchronous execution within a contract and asynchronous cross-contract calls via the promise system.
Gas is metered per WASM instruction with additional charges for host function calls (storage reads/writes, cross-contract calls, cryptographic operations).
For WASM VM details (instruction set, lowering path, bytecode format), see wasm.md.