violet portion (around 400–500 nm) of the visible light spectrum, often emitted by sunlight, digital screens (phones, tablets, computers), and artificial lighting (LEDs).
how blue light damages the eyes:
oxidative stress: exposure increases production of free radicals, damaging retinal cells.
retinal damage: particularly harmful to photoreceptor cells (rods and cones) and retinal pigment epithelial cells in the macula.
circadian rhythm disruption: excessive blue-light exposure, especially at night, disrupts melatonin production, leading to sleep disturbances.
potential health impacts:
increased risk of age-related macular degeneration (AMD)
digital eye strain (also called “computer vision syndrome”)
sleep disturbances and related health issues
accelerated aging of retinal cells, potentially causing visual impairment