phenolic compounds are bioactive plant metabolites characterized by aromatic rings containing hydroxyl (-OH) groups. widely distributed in fruits, vegetables, herbs, and grains, they play essential roles as antioxidants, protecting plants from pathogens, ultraviolet radiation, and oxidative stress.
chemical properties
structure: aromatic benzene rings with hydroxyl groups
solubility: varies widely; generally soluble in water, alcohols, and organic solvents
categories:
phenolic acids (e.g., caffeic acid, ferulic acid)
flavonoids (e.g., quercetin, kaempferol)
tannins (e.g., catechin, epigallocatechin gallate)
stilbenes (e.g., resveratrol)
usefulness in medicine
phenolic compounds exhibit strong antioxidant activity, helping prevent chronic diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases
they possess anti-inflammatory properties beneficial in managing arthritis, allergies, and autoimmune disorders.
phenolics support cardiovascular health by reducing inflammation, improving endothelial function, and lowering blood pressure.