- stratification = layered unfolding
- time and space are one ecological fabric
- everything grows in relation: vertical and temporal
- layers: spatial vertical coexistence
- upper = light capturers, future giants
- middle = stabilizers, flexible connectors
- lower = nurturers, cover, nutrient recyclers
- succession: temporal sequence of ecological roles
- early = pioneers, builders
- mid = diversifiers, enrichers
- late = stabilizers, balancers
- understanding stratification enables:
- optimal placement of species
- guiding the future shape of a biome
- recognizing roles in context: now and later