• potential issue in proof of stake consensus mechanisms
  • where validators have little to no disincentive to sign multiple competing blocks
  • since they don’t risk losing significant resources like in proof of work
  • this can lead to validators supporting multiple forks in double signing attack
  • undermining the integrity and security of the blockchain network
  • to mitigate this, mechanisms like double sign protection are implemented
  • to penalize validators who engage in such behavior
  • ensuring they have a tangible stake in maintaining the network’s consensus
  • and discouraging dishonest actions