cananga odorata

• 
• 
• products
  • flower:
• high margin health
• cananga_odorata
• plantsofasia
• type: fast growing tropical evergreen tree
• properties
  • root: shallow to moderately deep fibrous system. adapted for tropical soils and erosion control
  • stem: upright trunk, flexible when young, grayish and lightly fissured with age
  • leaf: simple, alternate, ovate-lanceolate, dark green with smooth edges
    • leaf-length:: 8–20 cm
  • flower: drooping, star-shaped, long-petaled yellow-green to deep yellow flowers with intense fragrance
  • fruit: dark green to black, clustered ovoid drupes (~1.5 cm each)
  • bark: thin, slightly rough, light grey; aromatic when cut
  • timber: soft, light wood with aromatic quality; not used structurally
• environment:: lowland tropical environments with full sun, high humidity, fertile soils, and well-distributed rainfall
  • climate:: humid equatorial or monsoon tropical climate; grows best in protected warm areas
    • sun:: 800–1000 W/m²
    • no-sun-days:: 5–7 days
    • water:: 1500–2500 mm/year
    • no-water-days:: 10–20 days
    • humidity:: 70–90 %
    • fog-resistance:: 5–7 days
    • max-temp:: 38 °C
    • optimal-temp:: 24–32 °C
    • min-temp:: 12 °C
    • wind-damage:: strong-dry, cold-dry, salty-coastal
    • soil:: rich loamy soil with good drainage, high in organic matter, not compacted
      • soil-ph:: 5.5–6.8
      • soil-type:: loamy, volcanic, humus-rich
    • spacing:: trees should be spaced 5–7 m apart for full canopy development
      • good-neighbors:: curcuma, zingiber, ocimum, etlingera
      • bad-neighbors:: eucalyptus, ficus
      • max-height:: 20 m
      • max-spread:: 10 m
    • lifecycle
      • longevity:: 40–50 years
      • germination:: seeds germinate in 20–40 days. require warmth and consistent humidity. soft scarification improves rate
      • seedling:: moderate growth rate. protection from wind and heavy rain helpful in early months
      • mature:: starts flowering in 2–3 years. produces flowers nearly year-round in optimal conditions
      • death:: declines gradually; root stress, poor pruning, or pest infestation may accelerate death in later stages
    • features: fragrant flowers, attract pollinators, aromatic, essential oil, fast growing
    • layer: canopy, sub-canopy
    • products: fresh flowers, essential oil, flower water, aromatherapy extract, ornamental tree
    • chemical compounds

compound	plant part	% amount	description
--------------------	------------------	------------------	-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
linalool	flower	10–25%	calming terpene alcohol. contributes floral aroma and sedative effect
germacrene-D	flower	5–15%	sesquiterpene with woody floral scent. anti-inflammatory potential
benzyl acetate	flower	10–20%	major contributor to floral aroma. soothing, used in perfumes
benzyl benzoate	flower	5–15%	antimicrobial, antifungal, used in traditional skin applications
caryophyllene	flower, leaf	1–3%	terpene with anti-inflammatory, analgesic properties
methyl benzoate	flower	1–5%	sweet fragrance compound, antifungal and calming
farnesol	flower	1–2%	fragrant sesquiterpene alcohol, antibacterial, smooths skin texture
eugenol	flower, leaf	<1%	antiseptic, aromatic, mild anesthetic effect
α-pinene	flower, leaf	0.5–1%	sharp-scented terpene, opens airways, anti-inflammatory
sesquiterpenes alcohols	flower	trace–moderate	contributes to deep, lasting base notes of fragrance

- operations
  - [[pages/propagate plants]]: propagated by [[pages/seed]] (fresh, viable for only a short time), [[pages/softwood]] cuttings, or air-layering. [[pages/seedling]] establishment best with warm humidity
  - [[pages/maintenance]]: prune regularly after flowering to maintain size and airflow. [[pages/mulch]] annually. requires [[pages/well-drained]] soil and protection from strong [[pages/wind]]
  - [[pages/harvest]]:
    - fresh [[pages/flowers]]: hand-picked early morning when [[pages/fragrance]] is strongest
    - [[pages/essential oil]]: steam-distilled from freshly opened flowers. yield ~0.2–0.3% by weight
    - [[pages/flower water]]: [[pages/hydrosol]] collected during distillation used in [[pages/perfumery]] and [[pages/skincare products]]