herpes simplex virus

A double-stranded DNA virus causing oral (HSV-1) and genital (HSV-2) infections in humans.

The virus establishes lifelong latency in sensory nerve ganglia, reactivating periodically under stress or immune suppression.

Several plant extracts show antiviral activity against herpes, including compounds from lemon balm, tea tree, and licorice.

Flavonoids, terpenes, and polyphenolic compounds interfere with viral attachment, entry, and replication.

Global seroprevalence of HSV-1 exceeds 65% of the population under age 50, making it one of the most widespread human pathogens.

Research into medicinal plants as complementary antiviral agents continues to yield promising candidates for topical and systemic application.

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