a bundle of cyberlinks a neuron commits in a single step — the atomic broadcast unit in cyber. each link in the signal consumes focus, making every statement a costly signal

structure

$$s \;=\; (\nu,\; \vec\ell,\; \pi_\Delta,\; \sigma,\; t)$$

field name type semantics
$\nu$ subject $N$ signing neuron
$\vec\ell$ links $L^+$ one or more cyberlinks — each a 7-tuple $(\nu, p, q, \tau, a, v, t)$
$\pi_\Delta$ cyber/impulse $(P \times \mathbb{F}_p)^*$ sparse focus update: how the batch of links shifts $\pi^*$
$\sigma$ proof $\Pi$ recursive stark proof covering the cyber/impulse, all conviction UTXO movements, and cyberlink validity against the current BBG root
$t$ at $\mathbb{Z}_{\geq 0}$ block height

the signal separates what a neuron asserts (the cyberlinks) from what the assertion computes (the cyber/impulse). see cyber/impulse for how $\pi_\Delta$ is computed and why the name

proof

$\sigma$ is a single recursive stark proof that covers the entire signal atomically:

  • correctness of each cyberlink in $\vec\ell$ (valid signatures, valid particle references)
  • validity of all conviction UTXO movements (each link's $(\tau, a)$ spend is backed by an unspent output)
  • correctness of the cyber/impulse $\pi_\Delta$ (the tri-kernel computation against $\text{bbg\_root}$ from the current header)

one proof for everything. proving $n$ links together costs less than $n$ separate proofs because shared neighborhood state and UTXO set are proved once. any verifier checks $\sigma$ in $O(\log n)$ without recomputing anything

two effects

validation of a signal produces two outcomes:

  1. each link in $\vec\ell$ enters $L$ — conviction UTXOs are created for each cyberlink
  2. if $\|\pi_\Delta\| > 0$ and $\sigma$ is valid, the neuron self-mints $CYB proportional to the proven shift — a reward UTXO is created for $\nu$

the conviction UTXOs (tokens spent into links) and the reward UTXO (tokens minted for contribution) are separate token movements within one atomic signal. see cyber/rewards for the full reward specification

conservation

total minting per epoch is bounded by the actual global $\Delta\pi$, verifiable from consecutive headers. if the sum of individual claims exceeds the actual shift (overlapping neighborhoods), all claims are scaled proportionally. see §6.9 and §14.2 of the cyber/whitepaper

see signal types, cyber/link, cyber/impulse, cyber/network

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Dimensions

signal
signal information transmitted from a sender to a receiver that changes the receiver's state or behavior. a signal carries meaning only if it costs something to produce — otherwise it is noise. this is the core insight of signaling theory in biology, costly signals (peacock tails, gazelle stotting)…
aos/hub/signal
shapes input actions conformation event notification

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