cananga odorata

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products

properties

root: shallow to moderately deep fibrous system. adapted for tropical soils and erosion control

stem: upright trunk, flexible when young, grayish and lightly fissured with age

leaf: simple, alternate, ovate-lanceolate, dark green with smooth edges

flower: drooping, star-shaped, long-petaled yellow-green to deep yellow flowers with intense fragrance

fruit: dark green to black, clustered ovoid drupes (~1.5 cm each)

bark: thin, slightly rough, light grey; aromatic when cut

timber: soft, light wood with aromatic quality; not used structurally

environment:: lowland tropical environments with full sun, high humidity, fertile soils, and well-distributed rainfall

climate:: humid equatorial or monsoon tropical climate; grows best in protected warm areas

sun:: 800–1000 W/m²
no-sun-days:: 5–7 days
water:: 1500–2500 mm/year
no-water-days:: 10–20 days
humidity:: 70–90 %
fog-resistance:: 5–7 days
max-temp:: 38 °C
optimal-temp:: 24–32 °C
min-temp:: 12 °C
wind-damage:: strong-dry, cold-dry, salty-coastal
soil:: rich loamy soil with good drainage, high in organic matter, not compacted
- soil-ph:: 5.5–6.8
- soil-type:: loamy, volcanic, humus-rich
spacing:: trees should be spaced 5–7 m apart for full canopy development
- good-neighbors:: curcuma, zingiber, ocimum, etlingera
- bad-neighbors:: eucalyptus, ficus
- max-height:: 20 m
- max-spread:: 10 m
lifecycle
- longevity:: 40–50 years
- germination:: seeds germinate in 20–40 days. require warmth and consistent humidity. soft scarification improves rate
- seedling:: moderate growth rate. protection from wind and heavy rain helpful in early months
- mature:: starts flowering in 2–3 years. produces flowers nearly year-round in optimal conditions
- death:: declines gradually; root stress, poor pruning, or pest infestation may accelerate death in later stages
plant/features: fragrant flowers, attract pollinators, aromatic, essential oil, fast growing
layer: canopy, sub-canopy
products: fresh flowers, essential oil, flower water, aromatherapy extract, ornamental tree

compound	plant part	% amount	description
linalool	flower	10–25%	calming terpene alcohol. contributes floral aroma and sedative effect
germacrene-D	flower	5–15%	sesquiterpene with woody floral scent. anti-inflammatory potential
benzyl acetate	flower	10–20%	major contributor to floral aroma. soothing, used in perfumes
benzyl benzoate	flower	5–15%	antimicrobial, antifungal, used in traditional skin applications
caryophyllene	flower, leaf	1–3%	terpene with anti-inflammatory, analgesic properties
methyl benzoate	flower	1–5%	sweet fragrance compound, antifungal and calming
farnesol	flower	1–2%	fragrant sesquiterpene alcohol, antibacterial, smooths skin texture
eugenol	flower, leaf	<1%	antiseptic, aromatic, mild anesthetic effect
α-pinene	flower, leaf	0.5–1%	sharp-scented terpene, opens airways, anti-inflammatory
sesquiterpenes alcohols	flower	trace–moderate	contributes to deep, lasting base notes of fragrance

cananga odorata.md