• within 1 month (very fast return)
    • oregano & thyme : fresh herbs, rapid harvest cycles
    • mentha: mint fresh leaves harvested continuously
    • nasturtium: edible greens and flowers, harvestable within weeks
    • azolla: rapid biomass doubling every 1–2 weeks, livestock/fertilizer
    • kangkung: continuous edible greens
    • gotu kola: leaf harvestable within weeks, salads/herbal products
    • black soldier fly: larvae insect protein/fertilizer
  • within 3 months
  • within 6 months
  • within 9 months
  • within 1 year
    • vanilla: initial flowering typically 12 months+; first pods 18–24 months
    • moringa: productive leaf harvesting from around 8–12 months, seed pods within ~12–18 months
    • pandan: good leaf yields within 12 months, increasingly productive afterward
    • citrus: leaf yields at ~12 months, fruits typically 1–2 years depending on variety