gathering of mature crops from the field
timing is critical: too early reduces yield, too late causes loss to weather, pests, shattering
methods: hand picking, sickle, combine harvester, mechanical shaker
follows the seasonal rhythm dictated by photosynthesis and climate
post-harvest: drying, threshing, winnowing, storage, processing
storage losses (insects, mold, rodents) can destroy 30% of grain in developing regions
fermentation (food), milling, and preservation extend harvest value through time
celebration of harvest is universal across cultures: thanksgiving, Sukkot, Pongal
links agriculture to economy: surplus enables trade, cities, and civilization