| gas | estimated amount in air | extraction method | purity achievable | efficiency | typical applications |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N₂ | ~78.08% | cryogenic distillation , pressure swing adsorption, membrane separation | up to 99.999% | high | chemical processes, electronics, food packaging, metal processing |
| O₂ | ~20.95% | cryogenic distillation , pressure swing adsorption, membrane separation | up to 99.7% | high | medical use, industrial processes, water treatment |
| $AR | ~0.93% | cryogenic distillation | up to 99.999% | high | welding, lighting, semiconductor manufacturing |
| CO₂ | ~0.041% | chemical scrubbing, cryogenic distillation | varies, high concentrations possible | varies | beverage carbonation, greenhouse cultivation, industrial processes |
| NE | less than 0.002% | cryogenic distillation | up to 99.999% | moderate to high | lighting, lasers, refrigerants |
| HE | about 0.0005% | cryogenic distillation | up to 99.999% | moderate to high | balloons, medical imaging, scientific research |
| CH₄ | about 0.0002% | adsorption techniques, membrane separation | varies, high for specific setups | moderate to high | fuel, chemical feedstock, energy production |
| KR | about 0.0001% | cryogenic distillation | up to 99.999% | moderate to high | lighting, insulation in double-glazed windows |
| H₂ | about 0.00005% | pressure swing adsorption, membrane separation, electrolysis | up to 99.999% | moderate to high | fuel cells, refining, chemical synthesis |
air.md
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